How an Automation Project Actually Runs

What happens between an automation enquiry and machine handover in Singapore: the stages, what you supply at each one, design freeze, FAT, SAT and warranty.

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A machine part way through build on an assembly floor: the frame complete and levelled with the dial installed, one station fully assembled, adjacent positions still bare mounting plates, a cable trolley alongside and a guard panel leaning against the frame

Motionwell Automation builds custom machines in Singapore, and the automation project process is the part of the purchase a first-time buyer knows least about at the point of committing to it. The outline is fixed: 16 to 24 weeks from concept approval to factory acceptance testing on a standard build, and 24 to 32 weeks where cleanroom compatibility or full GMP validation applies. What sits inside those weeks is less obvious. The delivered precision filling and sealing platform holds ±1% volumetric accuracy across a 0.1 to 50 mL fill range; the low-profile robot seventh axis stands 100 mm high on adjustable feet and needs no floor pit. The first is the kind of number a buyer signs off in person before the machine ships. The second is a decision taken in week one that shows up as a shorter site installation in week twenty. Machines are designed, assembled and tested at our Woodlands Link facility with an in-house design team of eight, and the company has delivered more than 150 special purpose machines since 2014 under ISO 9001:2015 and bizSAFE Level 3.

The short answer. A custom machine project runs through five commercial events rather than a continuous stream of engineering: concept approval, design freeze, factory acceptance testing at our facility, site acceptance on your floor, and handover. Each one is a decision you make rather than a report you receive. Between them the work waits on inputs only you can supply, which is why the schedule is a shared document and not ours alone. The date that changes the cost of everything after it is design freeze, and it is the one worth writing into the contract.

Where we stand, said plainly. We are a machine builder and system integrator, not your project manager. We hold the mechanism, the build and the acceptance evidence; you hold the product, the process, the site, the rate and the decisions. We are not a notified body and do not issue CE certificates, and we do not build production welding cells. Where a proven standard machine covers your process at a lower price than anything we would build, saying so early costs you a conversation instead of a purchase order.

This page covers the commercial and decision side of a build: what happens when, what we need from you at each point, what a design freeze is worth, what to insist on seeing at the acceptance test, what installation does to your production, what handover should contain, what the warranty does and does not do, and what actually delays these projects. The engineering phases themselves — kinematics, control architecture, materials, fabrication methods — are set out in our special purpose machine design guide and are not repeated here. If you already have a part, a rate and a date, skip ahead and talk to an engineer.

What Happens Between Your Enquiry and a Working Machine?

A machine build timeline in Singapore is not one number but five stages, and what matters commercially is the decision at the end of each one rather than the weeks in between. The durations below are for a standard build; a simple one to three station cell runs 12 to 16 weeks from concept to factory acceptance, a complex integrated cell with vision and multiple robots 24 to 32, and a regulated build adds 4 to 8 weeks of qualification work on top.

StageRoughly how longWhat ends itWhat you are doing meanwhile
Enquiry and feasibilityDays to weeks, and it is yours to compressA concept study is commissioned, or the enquiry stops hereCollecting drawings, samples, rates and site facts
Concept design2 to 4 weeksYou approve a process flow, station layout, cycle time analysis, preliminary component list, risk register and budget rangeAssembling the full variant list, including the one arriving next year
Detail engineering4 to 6 weeksThe bill of materials is released for procurementHolding the product revision still, and answering interface questions
Fabrication and assembly6 to 8 weeksThe machine runs at Woodlands Link and a test date is setPreparing the site, the shutdown window and the people
Testing and handover2 to 4 weeksFactory acceptance, then installation, site acceptance, training and the documentation packSupplying parts, production material, operators and a signature

Two things about that table are worth more than the numbers in it. The clock starts at concept approval, so the enquiry period sits outside every figure quoted above, and it is the part of the schedule that is yours to shorten. And fabrication is the quiet phase, which is exactly when your site work has to be planned, because nothing about a machine standing on our floor tells you whether your electrical supply reaches the position it will occupy.

What stops being free at each gate is an engineering question rather than a commercial one, and it is answered gate by gate on our machine design and simulation page.

What Do You Have to Supply, and When?

More than a first-time buyer expects, and earlier. Every gate above waits on something only you can produce, and a gate waiting on a decision does not move because engineers work harder. The largest schedule risk in a custom build is not an engineering one at all: it is late finalisation of the product design.

StageWhat we need from youWhat it looks like when it is missing
EnquiryThe process as performed today including manual steps, part drawings and physical samples, sustained rate and shift pattern, a photograph or layout of the space, and the regulatory scopeA quotation built on assumptions, which is a number neither party can defend
Concept designReview of the concept against the process as it is really performed, and a decision on itApproval circulates for three weeks and every date behind it moves
Detail engineeringA frozen product revision, the interface signals with an owner named for each, and your plant standards for controller and robot brandDrawings get redrawn at your cost, or an unowned handshake appears on your floor
Fabrication and assemblySite preparation: power, air, extraction, network, access route, floor and clear heightThe machine is right and the building is not, discovered on delivery day
Factory acceptanceThe parts the test will run on, and people with the authority to acceptThe test becomes a demonstration of the machine rather than a test of your process
Site acceptance and handoverReal production material, and operators and technicians actually released from the line for trainingTraining is delivered to whoever was available, and repeated at your expense later

The right-hand column is the honest reason we ask for so much at enquiry stage. It is not diligence theatre. Each item is a place where a project stops, and stopping late costs more than the item was ever worth. How to turn the same list into a document a builder can quote against line by line is set out on our guide to writing an automation URS, and what we need before a price can exist at all is on the custom automation enquiry page.

Why Is Design Freeze the Date Worth Defending?

Because it is where the cost of a change changes shape. Before it, a change is a conversation and a redrawn layout. After it, a change to your product geometry means the nests, the fixtures and the press tooling were cut around a shape that no longer exists, and that is scrapped work rather than a revision.

Design freeze means one specific thing, and it is worth writing into the contract in that form: the machine is built to product revision X, dated Y, and the drawing pack is attached. A freeze against “the current version” is not a freeze, because two people will hold different versions before the month is out.

A freeze is also narrower than it sounds, and knowing its edges is what makes it possible to agree to.

Frozen at that gateStill open afterwardsWhy the difference exists
Product geometry the tooling is cut aroundProgram structure and sequence tuningSoftware is written against the mechanism, not into it
Anything that changes a machined part or a fabricated sectionHMI screen design and screen flowScreens are configured, not manufactured
The frame envelope, kinematics and safeguarding strategyRecipes, thresholds and operator proceduresThese are set against real parts at acceptance
Station count and the cycle time budgetThe spares listIt follows the final bill of materials

So the freeze is not a demand that you stop thinking. It is a demand that you stop changing the one thing metal gets cut around.

When something genuinely has to change after that date, the mechanism is a change order, and three questions decide whether it is worth raising: what it costs, what it does to the acceptance date, and what test scope it invalidates. On a regulated build the third question is the expensive one, because a requirement arriving after detail engineering has begun is a redesign that moves the acceptance date rather than a document revision, as set out on our equipment qualification and validation page.

What Should You Insist on Seeing at the Factory Acceptance Test?

A factory acceptance test is a defined protocol with acceptance criteria, run before shipment, and witnessed by you. Ours happen at Woodlands Link, which is why a Singapore buyer attends in an afternoon rather than flying to one. Insist on six things, and agree all six in writing before the machine is on test rather than while it stands there.

Your parts, not ours. A machine proving itself on convenient samples has proved very little. Bring the variant at the edge of tolerance and the one operators complain about.

The rate you are buying, sustained. Not a gate-to-gate cycle with a dummy load. A run long enough that vision acquisition, gripper actuation, settling and the handshakes are all inside the number.

Accuracy measured where the machine is worst. Placement at the worst position in the envelope with the tool loaded is a figure you can verify with an indicator, which no amount of structural description is.

Faults created on purpose. Jam a part, remove one, pull the power mid-cycle. What you are watching is the recovery: what state the machine returns to, what the operator has to do, and whether a part-built assembly can be finished or is scrap.

A changeover run by your own people. If the machine takes formats, somebody from your line should perform the change, with the tools that will actually be in the drawer.

The mechanism, not the screen. The watching that matters is done at the fixture rather than at the panel: whether the motion is clean, whether anything snags, whether a part ever sits in a position that could jam on the next index.

Then be equally clear about what this test cannot settle. It proves motion, sequencing, interlocks, recovery and the data record. It cannot prove anything that depends on your building. A machine destined for a cleanroom carries its particle performance under motion into site testing and performance qualification, because the figure only means something measured in the room it will run in.

What Happens at Site, and What Does It Cost You in Production?

This is the phase where the project stops being ours and starts being yours, and where a plant’s real constraint appears: the hours the line can stop.

The principle is the one we apply on modernisation work as well: the shutdown window carries only what cannot be done anywhere else. The machine was built, wired, programmed and proved on our floor precisely so that the work on yours is rigging, positioning, utility connection, safeguarding, tie-in to the equipment either side, and then testing. On lab and instrument work the same logic goes further: site work is scheduled into shutdown windows or weekends, and the new system runs in parallel with the manual workflow until each station is accepted.

Mechanical decisions taken in week one decide the size of that window, which is the argument for raising it at concept rather than at delivery. A seventh-axis track designed at 100 mm on adjustable feet installs without a floor pit; the same axis at conventional height, sunk into the slab, is civil work with its own trade, its own inspection and its own weather.

Acceptance testFactory acceptanceSite acceptance
WhereWoodlands Link, before shipmentYour floor, after installation
What it runs onYour samples, supplied for the testReal production material
What it provesCycle time, accuracy, repeatability, sequence, interlocks and recovery against the agreed criteriaThat the same behaviour survives your utilities, your material flow and your operators
What it cannot proveAnything that depends on the room the machine will stand inNothing that belonged in the design; an argument here is the late and expensive version of an earlier one
Who has to be thereDecision authority, operator, maintenance, quality where records are keptThe same people, plus whoever owns the equipment either side

Two site items arrive late in projects often enough to be worth naming at the start. Machines incorporating lifting equipment must be examined and certified by an approved authorised examiner before use in Singapore, with periodic re-examination after. And the market the machine is placed on decides its conformity documentation, which belongs in the purchase order rather than in a handover conversation. For a machine destined for the EU, Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 applies from 20 January 2027 with no transitional period, so a build starting now spans the changeover and the documentation architecture is a concept-stage decision rather than a final checkbox. The physical scope that follows either answer is on our machine safety and CE marking page.

What Should Handover Actually Deliver?

Two things, and the second one outlives the first.

Training is scheduled against people who are already busy, which is the reason to book it before the machine ships rather than during the week it arrives. Our own design metric for an operator interface is training time rather than screen count, with basic operation reached in under two hours; that target is only meaningful if the operators who will run the machine are the ones in the room. Maintenance training is a separate session with a separate audience, and it is the one that decides whether a fault on the night shift becomes a phone call.

The documentation pack is what your team has instead of the people who built the machine. Every delivery includes mechanical drawings, electrical schematics, PLC program documentation, operator training materials, maintenance schedules and spare parts lists. The same pack goes out on modernisation work, where it also carries as-built drawings, the I/O list, a program archive, calibration records and an alarm list with each alarm mapped to a stop reason, which is the item a technician on shift actually opens. Ask for the archive in a form you can restore from, not a printout.

One item is easy to leave out of a handover plan and hard to recover afterwards: the first production shift. Format changes, recovery paths and operator habits surface in hours on a real shift. An engineer standing on the floor turns those into fixes. One who has gone home turns them into a support ticket.

What Does the Warranty Cover, and What Does It Not?

Less than the word suggests, and the gap is not a trick. A warranty is a promise about who pays for a defective part. It is not a maintenance contract, not a performance guarantee against a process you change afterwards, and not a substitute for holding your own spares.

Three exclusions are worth reading for on any offer. Components carry their own manufacturer warranties, which is not the same thing as the builder warranting the assembled machine. Consumables and wear items are normally outside it, and on a machine you are expected to run yourself, adjustment by your team is going to happen early rather than late, so ask what that does to cover. And a variant the machine was never built for is a modification rather than a defect, whoever fits it.

What makes a warranty worth anything in practice is closer to logistics than to law: how fast someone with the right knowledge is standing next to the machine. Whether that promise is enforceable, what travel costs during a warranty visit, and which contractual mechanisms actually give it force are worked through on our local versus overseas machine builder page.

Which Delays Actually Happen, and Whose Are They?

The honest list, split by which side of the table each one sits on. We publish no delay statistics and have none worth quoting, so read this as the causes we plan against rather than as a ranking.

What delays itWhose it isWhat prevents it
Product geometry moving after detail engineering has startedYoursA frozen revision number written into the contract
A variant nobody mentioned, arriving after the frame is weldedYoursThe full variant list at concept, including next year’s
Parts supplied for testing that represent a good day onlyYoursSamples from the edge of tolerance, and from the bad days
Sample collection on an inspection projectYoursStart collecting at enquiry: this sits outside the build schedule entirely
A signal between two systems with no named ownerSharedName an owner per signal in the requirements document
Site not ready on delivery day: power, air, extraction, access route, clear heightYoursSurvey the position during fabrication, not on arrival
A record, serialization or logging requirement arriving lateYoursSettle the regulatory scope before concept approval
Lifting equipment certification found at the endSharedDecide at concept whether the machine incorporates lifting equipment
An approval waiting on a person who was never namedYoursOne owner with authority, appointed at the enquiry
Something not fitting at first assemblyOursNormal on a one-off machine rather than exceptional, and absorbed inside fabrication when the design and the shop sit in the same building
Procurement, which follows the bill of materialsOursThe bill of materials is finalised at the end of detail engineering, which is why that gate carries the schedule behind it

Read the pattern rather than the rows. Most of these are decisions rather than tasks, and a decision taken in week two costs a meeting while the same decision taken in week fourteen costs a machine change.

When Is This the Wrong Process to Start?

Four situations where we would rather say so than take the order.

You need the capacity sooner than a build can deliver it. The shortest cell we quote runs 12 to 16 weeks from concept to factory acceptance, before installation, and ordering harder does not compress fabrication. If the gap is that shape, the useful conversation is about overtime, a subcontractor or an interim standard unit, and a build ordered afterwards for the volume that is still there next year.

The result is decided by a consumable rather than by the mechanism. Where a process parameter and a supplier’s consumable settle the outcome, a bespoke design buys a longer lead time and no better result than a catalogue machine does.

Nobody internally owns it. A project with three part-time stakeholders and no decision authority will stall at concept approval and again at design freeze, and the stalling will be invisible until the dates slip.

No shutdown window exists that fits the work. A line that can release days when the site work needs weeks does not have a cheaper option, it has an option that is not available. Say it early, because phasing, a machine installed alongside, and a temporary route for the product all need lead time of their own.

What Should You Do Before You Send the Enquiry?

Six things, in order. None of them requires an engineer, and all of them shorten the part of the schedule you control.

  1. Write the process down as it runs today, manual steps included, and mark every point where an operator judges something by eye.
  2. List every variant with dimensions, weights and real tolerances, separated into what runs now, what is committed and what is aspiration.
  3. State the rate twice, sustained across a shift and peak, and say which one the machine is bought to hold.
  4. Measure the site and photograph it: power, air, extraction, network, footprint, access route, ceiling height, floor condition, and the interface height of the line it joins.
  5. Name the owner who can approve a concept and sign a freeze, and tell them that is the role.
  6. Settle the regulatory scope, including which market the machine is placed on and whether any record it creates has to be retained.

The rest of the capability set, organised by what the machine has to do rather than by which brand of robot sits inside it, is on the automation capabilities hub, and the framework for scoring builders against each other, us included, is in our guide to choosing a system integrator.

Next step: Send five things and you will get a schedule rather than a brochure. One: the process description, however rough, with the manual steps in it. Two: part drawings or samples, including the awkward variant. Three: sustained rate, shift pattern and the date production has to start. Four: a photograph or layout of the space with ceiling height and access route. Five: the regulatory scope and who inside your organisation can approve a concept. We will come back with the two halves of the schedule, the inputs we will be waiting on, and the date after which changes stop being cheap.

Which standard editions apply right now?

The editions below are the ones we design and document against on current projects. We check them on the date shown rather than assuming last year's edition still holds.

StandardCurrent editionWhat it means for your machine
Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 — the EU Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 (changeover pending) Replaces Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC for machines placed on the EU market from 20 January 2027. There is no transitional period: 2006/42/EC applies up to 19 January 2027 and the Regulation applies from the next day, on the European Commission's wording 'on a mandatory basis as of 20 January 2027'. Before that date a manufacturer may declare conformity with the new Regulation voluntarily on the EU Declaration of Conformity, so a machine being built now can be documented against it early. It is also the first EU machinery law to put software integrity, updates and connected functions alongside mechanical safety, which changes what a machine builder has to document for a networked line.Checked 1 Sep 2026 against European Commission, Machinery page (single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/sectors/mechanical-engineering/machinery_en); EU-OSHA legislation register

Each edition above was checked against the primary source named in its row, on the date shown. Standards bodies revise on their own schedule, so confirm the edition that applies to your contract before it is signed.

Frequently Asked Questions

When does the 16 to 24 weeks actually start?

At concept approval, which is neither your enquiry nor your purchase order. Concept design takes 2 to 4 weeks of its own before that gate, and the period before that belongs entirely to you: collecting drawings, agreeing the rate the machine is bought to hold, getting the site measured, and finding out internally who is allowed to sign. A buyer who needs production running in five months and opens the conversation in month one is usually late at the enquiry rather than late in the build. Ask any builder for the schedule in two halves, the part you control and the part they do, on one page.

Who should attend the factory acceptance test?

Someone who can sign, someone who will run the machine, and someone who will have to repair it. The person with authority settles what counts as a pass while the machine is still on our floor. The operator finds out whether the recovery behaviour is something they will live with or defeat by the third shift. The maintenance technician finds out what has to come off to reach a bearing. Add a quality representative where the machine creates records that are kept. Send one spectator and you are given a demonstration; send those three and you get a test.

When does the warranty period start?

On whichever event your contract names, and the candidates sit weeks apart: factory acceptance sign-off, delivery, site acceptance, or the first production shift. On a machine that ships in June and starts real production in August, choosing between them moves the end date by two months. Agree the trigger, the length, the response time and what counts as a chargeable visit before the order rather than at handover. We do not publish a standard period because it is a commercial term set per project, and the three questions worth asking any builder are the same: period, coverage scope, response time.

Not sure what configuration fits your product?

Talk to our engineering team. We will help you map the right approach.